c. 2000-300 BCE, with regional phases · West Africa
Dry-stone settlements across the Tichitt-Walata-Nema escarpments document long-lived agropastoral communities, storage and social differentiation before the western Sahelian empires.
AI-generated visualization based on the cited record and period context. It is not documentary evidence or an authenticated reconstruction of a single event.
How the setting appeared
Dry escarpments held clustered stone compounds near seasonal pasture and cultivable pockets.
Agent citationCIT-CAMBRIDGE-DHAR-TICHITT · CIT-UNESCO-GENERAL-HISTORY-AFRICA
Setting and material context · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812
How people lived
Households farmed, herded and stored food; settlement hierarchy suggests organization without proving a centralized state.
Agent citationCIT-CAMBRIDGE-DHAR-TICHITT · CIT-UNESCO-GENERAL-HISTORY-AFRICA
Lifeways and community · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812
How people worked
Pearl millet cultivation, livestock management, stone building and pottery supported communities under increasing aridity.
Agent citationCIT-CAMBRIDGE-DHAR-TICHITT · CIT-UNESCO-GENERAL-HISTORY-AFRICA
Work, tools and exchange · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812
Belief, ritual and worship
Material evidence does not identify named gods or a uniform ritual system.
Agent citationCIT-CAMBRIDGE-DHAR-TICHITT · CIT-UNESCO-GENERAL-HISTORY-AFRICA
Belief, ritual and evidence limits · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812
Historical geography
A dated anchor, not an exact border
The local map uses modern coastlines only for orientation. The marker identifies this record's geographic anchor, not the full reach of a community or polity.
Map geometry loads only when requested. Modern outlines are orientation only; historical geography and identities changed through time.
Agent citationCIT-CAMBRIDGE-DHAR-TICHITT · CIT-UNESCO-GENERAL-HISTORY-AFRICA
Historical-geography anchor and stated limits · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812
Evidence register
Guides used for this record
Each registered source ID is paired with its institutional URL for independent checking. Source count is transparent, and duplicate URLs count only once.