Oceania and the Circumpolar Arctic · Civilization
c. 1300-1769 CE; kāinga began with settlement and fortified pā became widespread from about the sixteenth century, with strong regional variation · Aotearoa New Zealand
Māori communities formed regionally distinct iwi and hapū, cultivated and defended territories, maintained exchange and grounded authority in whakapapa, mana, tikanga and relationships with whenua and moana.
Fortified pā, open kāinga, kūmara storage pits, gardens, fishing stations, forest routes and waka landings occupied diverse landscapes.
Agent citation
CIT-TEPAPA-MAORI-WORLDCIT-TEARA-MAORI-ARRIVALCIT-OA-TEARA-MAORI-ECONOMY
Setting and material context · 3 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812
Whānau and hapū organized residence, marriage, hospitality, care, learning, conflict and seasonal food work; no single settlement form represented all Māori life.
Agent citation
CIT-TEPAPA-MAORI-WORLDCIT-TEARA-MAORI-ARRIVALCIT-OA-TEARA-MAORI-ECONOMY
Lifeways and community · 3 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812
Gardening, fishing, birding, weaving, carving, house and waka building, stone adze production and exchange sustained communities.
Agent citation
CIT-TEPAPA-MAORI-WORLDCIT-TEARA-MAORI-ARRIVALCIT-OA-TEARA-MAORI-ECONOMY
Work, tools and exchange · 3 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812
Atua, ancestors, tapu, noa and local sacred places structured life through tikanga that differed among iwi and hapū.
Agent citation
CIT-TEPAPA-MAORI-WORLDCIT-TEARA-MAORI-ARRIVALCIT-OA-TEARA-MAORI-ECONOMY
Belief, ritual and evidence limits · 3 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812
Historical geography
The local map uses modern coastlines only for orientation. The marker identifies this record's geographic anchor, not the full reach of a community or polity.
Map geometry loads only when requested. Modern outlines are orientation only; historical geography and identities changed through time.
Agent citation
CIT-TEPAPA-MAORI-WORLDCIT-TEARA-MAORI-ARRIVALCIT-OA-TEARA-MAORI-ECONOMY
Historical-geography anchor and stated limits · 3 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812
Evidence register
Each registered source ID is paired with its institutional URL for independent checking. Source count is transparent, and duplicate URLs count only once.
CIT-TEPAPA-MAORI-WORLD
https://www.tepapa.govt.nz/digital-museum/explore-digital-museum/maori/treaty-waitangi/maori-and-british/maori-world
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
CIT-TEARA-MAORI-ARRIVAL
https://teara.govt.nz/en/history/page-1
Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand, Manatū Taonga
CIT-OA-TEARA-MAORI-ECONOMY
https://teara.govt.nz/en/te-maori-i-te-ohanga-maori-in-the-economy/print
Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand, Manatū Taonga