World Atlas Core Records · War

Carthage

c. 8th century-146 BCE · Tunisia

A Phoenician-founded North African city developed its own Punic institutions, language and maritime networks before destruction by Rome in the Third Punic War.

Back to World Atlas Core Records Show on world timeline

AI-generated evidence-guided visualization related to Carthage, c. 8th century-146 BCE. — AI-generated visualization based on the cited record and period context. It is not documentary evidence or an authenticated reconstruction of a single event.

How the setting appeared

Harbors, walls, temples, workshops, houses and cemeteries spread across a coastal peninsula linked to farms and dependent communities inland.

Agent citation CIT-CORE-CARTHAGECIT-CORE103-CARTHAGE-CAMBRIDGE Setting and material context · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812

How people lived

Citizens, migrants, enslaved people, sailors, farmers and merchants inhabited a multilingual city connected to Africa, Iberia, Sicily and the wider Mediterranean.

Agent citation CIT-CORE-CARTHAGECIT-CORE103-CARTHAGE-CAMBRIDGE Lifeways and community · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812

How people worked

Shipbuilding, navigation, metal and textile craft, pottery, farming, accounting and trade supported the city and its armies.

Agent citation CIT-CORE-CARTHAGECIT-CORE103-CARTHAGE-CAMBRIDGE Work, tools and exchange · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812

Belief, ritual and worship

Punic inscriptions and sanctuaries attest deities including Baal Hammon and Tinnit; contested interpretations of child remains require cautious wording.

Agent citation CIT-CORE-CARTHAGECIT-CORE103-CARTHAGE-CAMBRIDGE Belief, ritual and evidence limits · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812

World-atlas stage: Classical regional worlds
Region: Africa · Tunisia
Languages and scripts: Punic; Phoenician alphabet; Greek in Mediterranean exchange; Libyco-Berber languages in the North African hinterland
Important people: Hamilcar Barca; Hannibal Barca; Hasdrubal the Fair
Events and changes: Ancient literary tradition placed Carthage's foundation in 814 or 813 BCE; archaeology documents Phoenician settlement by the 8th century BCE.; Carthage fought Rome in the First Punic War from 264 to 241 BCE.; Hannibal led Carthaginian forces during the Second Punic War from 218 to 201 BCE.; Roman forces destroyed Punic Carthage at the end of the Third Punic War in 146 BCE.
Evidence confidence: High for urban, maritime and inscription evidence; population and ritual reconstructions remain debated.

Agent citation CIT-CORE-CARTHAGECIT-CORE103-CARTHAGE-CAMBRIDGE Dates, place, language, people, events and confidence · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812

Historical geography

A dated anchor, not an exact border

The local map uses modern coastlines only for orientation. The marker identifies this record's geographic anchor, not the full reach of a community or polity.

Map geometry loads only when requested. Modern outlines are orientation only; historical geography and identities changed through time.

Agent citation CIT-CORE-CARTHAGECIT-CORE103-CARTHAGE-CAMBRIDGE Historical-geography anchor and stated limits · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812

Evidence register

Guides used for this record

Each registered source ID is paired with its institutional URL for independent checking. Source count is transparent, and duplicate URLs count only once.

CIT-CORE-CARTHAGE

Carthage: record evidence guide

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/37/

whc.unesco.org

CIT-CORE103-CARTHAGE-CAMBRIDGE

Excavations at Carthage 1974: First Interim Report

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquaries-journal/article/abs/excavations-at-carthage-1974-first-interim-report/E955851339EC46416D438AB19B114980

Cambridge University Press

Previous: Gebel Barkal and Napatan centers Next: Meroe