World Atlas Core Records · Empire

Susa

c. 4200 BCE-650 CE, many phases · Iran

Susa preserves a long sequence from early urbanism through Elamite, Achaemenid, Parthian and Sasanian rule.

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AI-generated evidence-guided visualization related to Susa, c. 4200 BCE-650 CE, many phases. — AI-generated visualization based on the cited record and period context. It is not documentary evidence or an authenticated reconstruction of a single event. The visual selects one broad early urban phase rather than combining five millennia.

How the setting appeared

Mudbrick platforms, temples, palaces, houses and craft areas shifted between mounds beside the Susiana plain.

Agent citation CIT-CORE-SUSACIT-CORE103-SUSA-LOUVRE Setting and material context · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812

How people lived

Residents used Elamite, Akkadian, Old Persian, Aramaic and other languages in different periods within a connected lowland city.

Agent citation CIT-CORE-SUSACIT-CORE103-SUSA-LOUVRE Lifeways and community · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812

How people worked

Irrigated farming, pottery, metallurgy, trade, monumental construction and multilingual administration sustained successive states.

Agent citation CIT-CORE-SUSACIT-CORE103-SUSA-LOUVRE Work, tools and exchange · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812

Belief, ritual and worship

Elamite deities and later imperial traditions occupied distinct phases; no single pantheon represents the site's five millennia.

Agent citation CIT-CORE-SUSACIT-CORE103-SUSA-LOUVRE Belief, ritual and evidence limits · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812

World-atlas stage: First cities and Bronze Age
Region: West Asia · Iran
Languages and scripts: Elamite; Akkadian; Sumerian in early administrative contexts; Old Persian; Imperial Aramaic; Greek in Hellenistic contexts; Cuneiform scripts
Important people: Shutruk-Nahhunte; Ashurbanipal; Darius I; Alexander III of Macedon
Events and changes: Susa developed as an urban center during the late 5th and 4th millennia BCE.; The city served as a major Elamite political and religious center during the 2nd and early 1st millennia BCE.; Ashurbanipal's Assyrian forces sacked Susa in the 7th century BCE.; Darius I built a major Achaemenid palace complex at Susa from the late 6th century BCE.; Alexander III captured Susa in 331 BCE and held dynastic marriages there in 324 BCE.
Evidence confidence: Strong stratigraphy and texts; the image is a broad early urban work scene rather than one Susa phase.

Agent citation CIT-CORE-SUSACIT-CORE103-SUSA-LOUVRE Dates, place, language, people, events and confidence · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812

Historical geography

A dated anchor, not an exact border

The local map uses modern coastlines only for orientation. The marker identifies this record's geographic anchor, not the full reach of a community or polity.

Map geometry loads only when requested. Modern outlines are orientation only; historical geography and identities changed through time.

Agent citation CIT-CORE-SUSACIT-CORE103-SUSA-LOUVRE Historical-geography anchor and stated limits · 2 registered source URLs · registration is not semantic proof · audit HEM-AUDIT-20260812

Evidence register

Guides used for this record

Each registered source ID is paired with its institutional URL for independent checking. Source count is transparent, and duplicate URLs count only once.

CIT-CORE-SUSA

Susa: record evidence guide

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1455/

whc.unesco.org

CIT-CORE103-SUSA-LOUVRE

The Louvre Museum in Tehran

https://presse.louvre.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/35a4eea87eef24af25e809d58d577976.pdf

Musee du Louvre

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